papers.html

Publications: Professor Weiru Liu

Liu, W.: Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty - 11th European Conference, ECSQARU 2011, Belfast, UK, June 29-July 1, 2011. Proceedings, Springer 2011.
Ma, J. Liu, W. and Miller, P. (2011) Belief change with noisy sensing in the situation calculus. Proceedings of UAI'2011.
Ma, J. Liu, W. and Miller, P. (2011) Handling Sequential Observations in Intelligent Surveillance. Proceedings of SUM'2011.
McAreavey, K, Liu, W., Miller, P. Mu, K. (2011) Measuring inconsistency in a network intrusion detection rule set based on Snort. International Journal of Semantic Computing. Special issue on Managing and Reasoning in the Presence of Inconsistency (accepted).
McAreavey, K, Liu, W. and Miller, P. (2011) Measuring inconsistency in network intrusion rules. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Data, Logic and Inconsistency (DALI'11).
Davis, M., Liu, W., Miller, P. and Redpath, G. (2011) Detecting Anomalies in Graphs with Numeric Labels. Proc. of 29th ACM Conf. on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'11).
Ma, J. and Liu, W. (2011) A framework for managing uncertain inputs: an axiomization of rewarding. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning. (in press)
Ma, J., Liu, W., Dubois, D., and Prade, H. (2011) Bridging Jeffery's rule, AGM revision, and Dempster conditioning in the theory of evidence. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools (in press)
Mu, K., Liu, W., and Jin, Z. (2011) Measuring the blame of each formula for inconsistent prioritized knowledge bases. Journal of Logic and Computation (doi: 10.1093/logcom/exr002), 2011
Mu, K., Liu, W., Jin, Z., and Bell, D.A. (2011) A syntax-based approach to measuring the degree of inconsistency for belief bases. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning.
Mu, K., Liu, W., and Jin, Z. (2011) A general framework for measuring inconsistency through minimal inconsistent sets. Knowledge and Information Systems, 27(1):85-114, 2011
Ma, J., Liu, W., and Hunter, A. (2011) Modeling and reasoning with qualitative comparative clinical Knowledge. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 26(1):25-46.
Mu, K., Liu, W., Jin, Z., Hong, J., and Bell, D.A. (2011) Managing Software Requirements Changes Based On Negotiation-style Revision. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 26(5):890-907, Sept 2011. DOI 10.1007/s11390-011-0187-y
Mu, K., Hong, J., Jin, Z. and Liu, W. (2011) From Inconsistency Handling to Non-canonical Requirements Management: A Logical Perspective. (submitted)
O'Neill, I., Yue, A., Liu, W. and Hanna, P. (2011) Adaptive Dialogue Strategy Selection through Imprecise Probabilistic Query Answering. Procs. of ECSQARU 2011: 675-687
O'Neill, I., Hanna, P. Yue, A. and Liu, W. (2011) Using probabilistic logic for dialogue strategy selection. Procs. of IWSDS2011.
Ma, J., Liu, W., and Benferhat, S. (2010) A belief revision framework for revising epistemic states with partial epistemic states. Proceedings of the 24th American National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'10).
Ma, J., Liu, W., and Hunter, A. (2010) Inducing probability distributions from knowledge bases with (in)dependence relations. Proceedings of the 24th American National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'10).
Liu, W., Yue, A. and Timson, D.J. (2010) A Ligand predication tool based on modeling and reasoning with imprecise probabilistic knowledge. Journal of Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 98(1):45-54.
Yue, A., Liu, W., and Hunter, A. (2010) Imprecise probabilistic query answering using measures of ignorance and degree of satisfaction. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence. (accepted)
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2010) A survey of formalisms for representing and reasoning with scientific knowledge. Knowledge Engineering Review 25(2):199-222.
Ma, J., Liu, W., Dubois, D., and Prade, H. (2010) Revision rules in the theory of evidence. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Tools with AI (ICTAI'10):295-302, IEEE Press.
Ma, J., Liu, W., Hunter, A. and Zhang, W. (2010) An XML based framework for merging incomplete and inconsistent statistical information from clinical trials. Soft Computing in XML Data Management, STUDFUZZ 255:259-290, Z Ma and L Yan (Eds.), Springer-Verlag. 2010.
Qi, G., Liu, W., and Bell, D.A. (2010) Measuring conflict and agreement between two prioritized knowledge bases in possibilistic logic. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 161(14):1906-1925.
Qi, G., Du, J., Liu, W., and Bell, D.A. (2010) Merging knowledge bases in possibilistic logic by lexicographic aggregation. Proceedings of UAI 2010 .
Qi, G., Liu, W., and Bell, D.A. (2010) A comparison of merging operators in possibilistic logic. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering & Management (KSEM'10):39-50, Springer.
Ma, J., Liu, W., and Miller, P. (2010) Event modelling and reasoning with uncertain information for distributed sensor networks. Proceedings of SUM 2010:236-249, Springer.
Wang, Y, Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2010) A Structure-based similarity spreading approach for ontology matching. Proceedings of SUM 2010:361-374, Springer.
Wang, Y, Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2010) A concept hierarchy based ontology mapping approach. Proceedings of KSEM 2010:101-113, Springer.
Miller, P. Liu, W. Fowler, F., Zhou, H., Shen, J., Ma, J., Zhang, J., Yan, W., McLaughlin K., and Sezer, S. (2010) Intelligent sensor information system for public transport: To Safely Go .... Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal-Based Surveillance (AVSS'10).
Ma, J., Liu, W., Miller, P. and Yan, W. (2009) Event composition with imperfect information for bus surveillance. Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS'09):382-387, IEEE Press. Sept 2-4, 2009, Genoa, Italy.
Liu, W., Miller, P., Ma, J. and Yan, W. (2009) Challenges of distributed intelligent surveillance system with heterogenous information. Proceedings of the workshop on Quantitative Risk Analysis for Security Applications (QRASA'09):69-74, a workshop held at IJCAI 2009. July 11-17, 2009, Pasadena, California.
Yue, A. and Liu, W. (2009) A syntax-based framework for merging imprecise probabilistic logic programs. Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-09):1900-1995. July 11-17, 2009. Pasadena, California, USA.
Liu, W., Yue, A. and Timson, D.J. (2009) Reasoning with imprecise probabilistic knowledge on enzymes for rapid screening of potential substrates or inhibitor structures. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications (ISIPTA'09):289-297. July 14-18, Durham, United Kingdom.
Ma, J. and Liu, W. (2009) Modeling belief change on epistemic states. Proceedings of the 22nd International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS'09), AAAI Press. May 19-21, 2009, Florida, USA.
Ma, J., Liu, W. and Hunter, A. (2009) The non-Archimedean polynomials and merging of stratified knowledge bases. Proceedings of The 10th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU'09):408-420, Springer. July 1-3, 2009, Verona, Italy.
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2009) Knowledge base stratification and merging based on degree of support. Proceedings of The 10th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU'09):383-395, Springer. July 1-3, 2009, Verona, Italy.
Mu,K., Liu, W., Jin, Z., Lu, R., Yue, A. and Bell, D.A. (2009) Handling inconsistency in distributed software requirements specifications based on prioritized merging. Fundamenta Informaticae 91 (2009):631-670.
Hong, X., Nugent, C., Liu, W., Ma, J., McClean, S., Scotney, B. and Mulvenna, M. (2009) Uncertain information management for ADL monitoring in smart homes. Intelligent Patient Management, Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol 189:315-332. McClean, Millard, El-Darzi, and Nugent, (Eds.), Springer.
Wang, Y., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2009) Dealing with uncertainty issues in complex ontology matching. Proceedings of AISB Convention, Workshop on Matching and Meaning: Automated development, evolution and interpretation of ontologies. April 6-9, 2009. Edinburgh, UK.
Yue, A. and Liu, W. (2008) Revising imprecise probabilistic beliefs in the framework of probabilistic logic programming. Proceedings of the 23rd American National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'08):590-596, MIT Press.
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2008) A context-dependent algorithm for merging uncertain information in possibility theory. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A, 38(6):1385-1397, 2008.
Yue, A. and Liu, W. (2008) Belief revision through forgetting conditionals in conditional probabilistic logic programs. Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'08):371-375, IOS Press.
Yue, A., Liu, W. and Hunter, A. (2008) A demo for querying, analyzing, and revising probabilistic logic programs. A demo system at the 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'08).
Ma, J. and Liu, W. (2008) A general model for epistemic state revision using plausibility measures. Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'08):356-360, IOS Press.
Ma, J., Liu, W., Hunter, A. and Zhang, W. (2008) Performing meta-analysis with incomplete statistical information in clinical trials. BMC Medical Research Methodology, Aug 18;8(1):56, 2008. (Full paper)
Yue, A., Liu, W. and Hunter, A. (2008) Measuring the ignorance and degree of satisfaction for answering queries in imprecise probabilistic logic programs. Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Scalable Uncertainty Management (SUM'08):386-400. Springer.
Liu, W. (2007) Conflict analysis and merging operators selection in possibility theory. Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU07):816-827. Springer.
Yue, A., Liu, W. and Hunter, A. (2007) Approaches to constructing a stratified merged knowledge base. Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU07):54-65. Springer.
Ma, J., Liu, W. and Hunter, A. (2007) Incomplete statistical information fusion and its application to clinical trials data. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management (SUM07):89-103. Springer.
Wang, Y, Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2007) Combining uncertain outputs from multiple ontology matchers. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management (SUM07):201-214. Springer.
Mu,K., Liu, W., Jin, Z., Lu, R., Yue, A. and Bell, D.A. (2007) A merging-based approaches to handling inconsistency in locally prioritized software requirements. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management (KSEM07): 103-114. Springer.
Bell, D.A., Qi, G. and Liu, W. (2007) Approaches to inconsistency handling in description-logic based ontologies. Proceedings of OTM Workshop (2): 1303-1311. Springer.
Qi, G., Liu, W. , and Bell, D.A. (2007) Combining multiple prioritized knowledge bases by negotiation. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 158(23):2535-2551.
Liu, W. (2006) Analyzing the degree of conflict among belief functions. Artificial Intelligence 170(11): 909-924.
Qi, G., Liu, W., Glass, D.H. and Bell, D.A. (2006) A split-combination approach to merging knowledge bases in possibilistic logic. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 48(1-2):45-84.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2006) Merging stratified knowledge bases under constraints. Proceedings of the 21st American National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, (AAAI06): 281-286. (Longer version is in the Proc. of NMR06.)
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2006) Fusion rules for merging uncertain information. Information Fusion Journal 7(1):97-134.
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2006) Merging uncertain information with semantic heterogeneity in XML. Knowledge and Information Systems 9(2):230-258.
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2006) A logical reasoning framework for modelling and merging uncertain semi-structured information. Modern Information Processing: From Theory to Applications, 345-356. B. Bouchon-Meunier, G. Coletti and R.R. Yager (eds), Elsevier.
Liu, W., Qi, G. and Bell, D.A. (2006) Adaptive merging of prioritized knowledge bases. Fundamenta Informaticae 73(3):389-407, 2006.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2006) A revision-based approach to handling inconsistency in description logics. Artificial Intelligence Review 26(1-2): 115-128 (2006).
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2006) A revision-based approach for handling inconsistency in description logic. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning (NMR06). (A shorter version is in the Proceedings of AICS 2006.)
Liu, W. (2006) Measuring conflict between possibilistic uncertain information through belief function theory. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management (KSEM06):265-277. Springer-Verlag LNAI.
Qi, G., Liu, W., and Bell, D.A. (2006) Quota-based merging operators for stratified knowledge bases. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management (KSEM06):341-353. Springer-Verlag LNAI.
Ji, Q, Liu, W., Qi, G., and Bell, D.A. (2006) LCS: A Linguistic Combination System for Ontology Matching. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management (KSEM06):176-189. Springer-Verlag LNAI.
Qi, G., Liu, W., and Bell, D.A. (2006) Knowledge Base Revision In Description Logics. Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence (JELIA06). Springer-Verlag LNAI.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2005) Measuring conflict and agreement between two prioritized belief bases. Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI05): 552-557.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2005) A Revision-based Approach to Resolving Conflicting Information. Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 2005 (UAI05):477-486.
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2005) Measuring the quality of uncertain information using possibilistic logic. Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU05):415-426. LNAI 3571, Springer.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2005) Multiple semi-revision in possibilistic logic. Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU05):465-476. LNAI 3571, Springer.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Bell, D.A. (2005) Combining multiple knowledge bases by negotiation: A possibilistic approach. Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU05):501-513. LNAI 3571, Springer.
Mu, K., Jin, Z., Lu, R., Liu, W. (2005) Measuring inconsistency in requirements engineering. Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU05):440-451. LNAI 3571, Springer.
Hong, J., Liu, W. , Bell, D.A., and Bai, Q. (2005) Answering Queries Using Views in the Presence of Functional Dependencies. Proceedings of the 22nd British National Conference on Databases 2005 (BNCOD05). LNCS 3567:70-81, Springer.
Qi, G. and Liu, W. (2005) Rough operations on Boolean algebras. Information Sciences, 173(1-3):49-63.
Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2004) Logical reasoning with multiple granularities of uncertainty in semi-structured information. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge Based Systems (IPMU'04) , 1009-1016. July, Italy.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Glass, D. (2004) A split-combination method for merging inconsistent possibilistic knowledge bases. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR'04), 348-356, AAAI Press.
Qi, G., Liu, W. and Glass, D. (2004) Combining individually inconsistent prioritized knowledge bases. Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning (NMR'04), 342-349.
Liu, W., Liao, Z. and Hong, J. (2004) Query cost estimation through remote system contention state analysis over the Internet. Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: an International Journal , 2(4):279-291.
Liao, Z, Liu, W. and Hong, J. (2004) Determining network states in query processing in the wide area environment. Proceedings of the 8th International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (IDEAS '04), 462-464. IEEE Press.
Qi, G. and Liu, W. (2004) Rough operators on Boolean algebras. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge Based Systems (IPMU'04) , 1741-1747.
Hong, X., Liu, W. and Adamson, K. (2004) Parallel Implementation of Evidence Combination on Qualitative Markov Trees. Eleventh International Congress on Computational and Applied Mathematics . Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, July, 26 - July 30, 2004.
Liu, W., Hong, X. and Adamson, K. (2003) Computational-workload based binarization and partition of qualitative Markov trees for belief combination. Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2711:306-318, Springer.
Bustard, D., Liu, W. and Sterritt, R. (2003) On the Management of Uncertainty in Computing Applications: editorial introduction. Soft Computing Journal 8(2) 77-78.
Hong, X., Liu, W. and Scanlon, W. (2003) Integrating belief functions with model-based diagnosis for fault management. The 3rd European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and Their Implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems 10 - 12 July 2003 in Oulu, Finland.
Liu, W., Liao, Z. and Hong, J. (2003) Determining remote system contention states in query processing over the Internet. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'03), 351-357, IEEE Press. October 13-17, 2003, Halifax, Canada
Hong, X., Liu, W. and Adamson, K. (2003) A parallel approach to evidence combination on qualitative Markov trees. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), IEEE Press.
Hong, X., Liu, W. and Scanlon, W. (2003) Enhancing model-based diagnosis with belief functions for fault management. Proceedings of the 2003 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence, 63-67. 1-3 September, 2003, Bristol, UK.
Cheng, J., Greiner, R., Kelly, J., Bell, D.A. and Liu, W. (2002) Learning Bayesian networks from data: An information-theory based approach. Artificial Intelligence, 137 (1-2), 43-90.
Liu, W., (2001) Propositional, Probabilistic and Evidential Reasoning: Integrating numerical and symbolic approaches. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Volume 77, Springer-Verlag (Physica Verlag). Details can be found here. and a review can be found here .
Bustard, D., Liu, W. and Sterritt, R. (Eds) (2002) Soft-Ware 2002: Computing in an Imperfect World. LNCS 2311, Springer. Details can be found here. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computing in an Imperfect World (the first day of the conference ran a workshop organized by the IBA C of EUNITE on Computational Intelligence in Telecommunication and Multimedia). Belfast, Northern Ireland, April 2002.
Liu, W. (2001) Reasoning about knowledge using rough sets. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty -- ECSQARU (2001), Springer Verlag LNAI 2143:385-397. September, France.
Sterritt, R. and Liu, W. (2001) Constructing Bayesian belief networks for fault management in telecommunications systems. Proceedings of the 1st Europen Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems:43-44 (abstract, full paper is available on the CD-ROM). December, Tenerife, Spain.
Liu, W. and Hong, J. (2000) Re-investigating Dempster's idea on evidence combination. Knowledge and Information Systems Vol 2, No.2: 223-241.
Hong, X., Adamson, K. and Liu, W. (1999) Using paralle techniques to improve the computational efficiency of evidential reasoning. Proceedings of 11th Int. J. Conference on Tool with Artificial Intelligence (TAI):55-58, November 9-11, Chicago, USA.
Liu, W., McBryan, D. and Bundy, A. (1998) The Method of Assigning Incidences. (Invitated Paper.) International Journal of Applied Intelligence, special issue on Systems for Uncertain Reasoning: Vol 9, No.2: 139-161. Guest editor da Silva.
Liu, W. (1998) A domain independent data structure for telecommunications using adapted ATMS. Proceedings of 7th Int. C. of Info. Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU'98):1824-1829, Paris.
Wells, N., Liu, W. and Adamson, K. (1998) Using the ATMS for fault management in telecommunication networks. Proceedings of 7th Int. C. of Info. Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU'98):1816-1823, Paris.
Hong, X., K. Adamson and W. Liu (1998) An Investigation into parallizing Shafer and Logan's algorithm for evidential reasoning. 7th Int. C. of Info. Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU'98):1892-1893, Paris.
Wells, N., Liu, W. and Adamson, K. (1998) Using the ATMS for Telecommunication Network Fault Management. Proceedings of Digest of FastAbstracts: the 28the Annual International Sysposium on Faylt-Tolerant Computing:31-32, June, Munich, Germany.
Cheng, J., Bell, D.A. and Liu, W. (1997) Learning Belief Networks from Data: An information theory based approach. Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) :325-331, ACM Press. November, USA.
Cheng, J., Bell, D.A. and Liu, W. (1997) An algorithm for Bayesian network construction from data. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics:83-90, January, Florida.
Cheng, J., Bell, D.A. and Liu, W. (1997) A belief network learning algorithm based on information theory. IJCAI-97 poster.
Hong, X., Adamson, K. and Liu, W. (1997) Using DS theory to deal with uncertainty in medical diagnosis. Proceedings of IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing:1-4, Hamza, M.H. eds. July/August, Banff, Canada.
Liu, W. and Bundy, A. (1996) Constructing Probabilistic ATMS Using Extended Incidence Calculus. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, Vol 15, No.2: 145-182. Also available as Department Research Paper 813, Dept. of AI, University of Edinburgh.
Liu, W. (1996) The Incidence Propagation Method. In Proceedings of the 1996 International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic:124-129. IEEE Computer Society Publish. Santiago de Compostela, May, Spain.
Cheng, J., Bell, D.A. and Liu, W. (1996) A practical approach to knowledge representation and reasoning in relational databases, Proceedings of the eighth IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence:470-471, November, France. Full paper is available in Informatics Research Reports, No.11: 4-13, December 1996, University of Ulster.
McLean, R.G., Bundy, A. and Liu, W. (1995) Assignment Methods for Incidence Calculus. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, Vol 12: 21-41. Also available as Department Research Paper 649, Dept. of AI, University of Edinburgh.
Liu, W. and Bundy, A. (1994) A comprehensive comparison between generalized incidence calculus and Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (formally The International Journal of Man-Machine Studies) Vol 40: 1009-1032.
Liu, W., Hughes, J.G. and McTear, M.F. (1994) Representing Heuristic Knowledge and propagating beliefs in the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence. In Advances in the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence, M. Fedrizzi, J. Kacprzyk, and R.R. Yager (Eds.): 441-472. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.., New York.
Liu, W. (1994) Analysing the probabilistic background of mass functions. In Proc. of the Second European Congress on Intelligent Techniques and Soft Computing, Vol3:1722-1726, September, Aachen, Germany.
Liu, W., Hong, J., McTear, M.F. and Hughes, J.G. (1993) An Extended Framework For Evidential Reasoning Systems. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence Vol 7, No.3: 441-457.
Liu, W., Bundy, A. and Robertson, D. (1993a) Recovering incidence functions. In Proc. of the 2nd European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty (ECSQARU'93), Granada, November 1993, Spain. LNCS 747, 241-248, Springer. Full paper is available as Department Research Paper 648, Dept. of AI, Univ. of Edinburgh.
Liu, W., Bundy, A. and Robertson, D. (1993b) On the relations between incidence calculus and ATMS. In Proc. of the 2nd European Conference on Symbolic And Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty (ECSQARU'93), Granada, November 1993, Spain. LNCS 747, 249-256, Springer. Also presented at the IJCAI-93 workshop on Management of Uncertainty in AI. France. Available as Department Research Paper 611, Dept. of AI, Univ. of Edinburgh.
Liu, W., Hughes, J.G. and McTear, M.F. (1992) Representing heuristic knowledge in the DS theory. In Proc. of the Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI'92):182-190, July, Stanford Univ., California, Morgan Kaufmann.
David, M., Stehouwer, M. and Liu, W. (1991) Towards Adaptive Environments. Chapter 5 of Adaptive Environments for European Open Learning -- The ACES project, Edited by Jan van Bruggen.
Liu, W., Hong, J., McTear, M.F. and Hughes, JG (1990) An Extended Framework For Evidential Reasoning Systems. Proceedings of the Second Internationa Conference on Tool with Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Press.
McTear, M.F, Creaney, N. and Liu, W. (1990) User Modelling in a Knowledge Based Environment for European Learning. Proc. of Fifth Rocky Mountain Conference on Artificial Intelligence:245-250, June, New Mexico State University.
McTear, M.F., Liu, W., Stehouwer, M. and Lim, P. (1990) An Adaptive Environment for Open Learning in Delta. Proc. of the Delta on Research and Development Conference:395-410. Oct., Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Liu, W., Hong, J. and McTear, MF (1990) The Application of Evidential Reasoning Techniques in PEMES. Proc. of the Third International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-based Systems (IPMU`90):483-486, July, Paris.
Liu, W., McTear, MF and Hong, J. (1990) Propagating Beliefs among Frames of Discernment in Dempster-Shafer Theory. AI and Cognitive Science'90:367-377, McTear, M. and Creaney, N. Eds., Springer-Verlag.
Liu, W., et al (1989) PEMES--A Petroleum Exploration Oriented Model Expert System. AI and Cognitive Science'89:151-162, Springer-Verlag Publishers.
Guan, J. and >Liu, W. (1989) Evidential reasoning and an expert system shell with evidential reasoning--ESSER. Institute of Information Technical Report, Number4(1): 26-36.

DISSERTATIONS:
Liu, W. (1995) Extended incidence calculus and its comparison with related theories. Doctoral Dissertation, Dept. of Artificial Intelligence, Univ. of Edinburgh.
Liu, W. (1987) A General-purpose Language of Knowledge Acquisition for Oil Well Log Interpretation Oriented Expert Systems. MSc. Dissertation, Dept. of Computer Science, Jilin University.
Liu, W. (1984) The Design and Implementation of the Model Simulator in an Expert System for the Interpretation of Seismic Data. BSc Hons Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Jilin University.

PROJECT REPORTS:
Liu, W. and A. Bundy (1992) The combination of different pieces of evidence using incidence calculus. RP 599, Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh.
Guan, J. and W. Liu (1989) Evidential Reasoning and an Expert System Shell with Evidential Reasoning--ESSER. Faculty of Informatics, Technical Report, NO.4(1): 26-36.
Liu, W. and McTear, M. (1990) Specification of User Modeller Prototype (Deliverable H). Final Report 1 to DG XIII F Delta and All Aces Collaborators.
Liu, W. and McTear, M. (1990) User Manual for User Modeller Prototype (Deliverable L). Final Report 2 to DG XIII F Delta and All Aces Collaborators.
Liu, W. and McTear, M. (1990) Final Report User Modelling (Deliverable Q). Final Report 3 to DG XIII F Delta (EEC Project Committee) and All Aces Collaborators.
Liu, W. (1987) On the design and implementation of a general-purpose language of knowledge acquisition for oil-well log interpretation oriented expert systems. A Final Technical Report on the cooperative project of Jilin University and Daqing Petroleum Administrative Bureau, Well Logging Company.
Liu, W. (1986) The explanation of the architecture and use of a model simulator in SIES system. A Final Technical Report on the Cooperative Project of Jilin University and China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development corporation.